A cqrpora



Nov. 22, 1927.

H. H. WILLIAMS BURNER 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 1av F5 F6 0 Filed July '11, 1925 Now-'22, 1927 v H. H. WILLIAMS BURNER 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed July 11-, 1923 \A/IT E5555 a gwuento'o H. H. WlLLiAMS Nov. 22, 1927,

BURNER Filed Julyll, 1925 e Sheets-Sheet 4 Nov. 22, 1927.

1,650,559 H. H. WILLIAMS BURNER Filed'Julyll, 192s esneet-sneet 5 Nov. 22, 192.7. 1,650,559

H. H. WILLIAMS BURNER Filed July 11, 1925 6 Sheets-Shea 6 Patented Nov. a2, 1927.

tantra uurreo sra'ras PATENT'OFFICE.

3 ENRY n. winnraias, or PHILADELPHIA, rnnnsrnvanm, assieuon T cannon MANUFACTURING COIvIPANY, OE'PIIILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA; A CORPORA- TION. i

. Application filed July 11 While the I heavy, petroleum oils compare favorably with. coalv as to cost per heat unit coutaiucd in the fuel and are much cleaner, easier and cheaper to handle, they have not come into general use in domestic heating ,plants' because of the inadequacy ofthe apq iaratusoii con'unercially for this pur- I pose to mce comlitions presented'.

' One of thediliicultic 'icident to the opcr ation-of oil burners f the type used infurnaccs for domestic heating and for the genoration of heat on a larger sc. relates to the danger and inconvenience resultin from the continued flow off .01 tile?! the burner hasbeen inadvertently extinguished.

Otherdifficulties relates to obtaining eco- "comical 3 and, therefore, complete and uni- :torm combustion'of the fuelandto the automatic regulation and'controlof the burner l as to the amount. of heat generated and to the air supplied to support combustion.

In the apparatus which embodies the present invention, a. shown, the fuel supply is entirely dependent'on the operation of the l1lll"i'10l,l)(3il1g fed by the slight vacuumcreated by the burner nozzle et and liftedthereby from the fuel supply tank so that the fuelsupply ceases as soon'as combustion at the nozzle stops andthe burner and parts in the vicinity of the burner are cooled a jfew degrees below their operative condition.

One feature of the invention relates to the thern'iost-atic regulation, or, control of the heat generated, such regulation being accomplished through the agency of thevacuum which moves the fuel supply, another feature to the control of the air which supports combustion through the same agency.

t On account of the economic necessity for liuu'ning low grade fuels, means is provided f r heating the fuel as it is fed to theburner so that it flows and atomizes and burns more rasily and the invention further relates to tures of my invention in what I regard the form and arrangement of said heating "BURNER.

192 a. seriarno. GlSOJGG;

veniently provided by the pilot burner so the steam for this purpose is always javailable, and the fuel is preferably heated locally bya coil'in the fuel tank in the i-inmedis ate vicinity of the point from which the oil is drawn for the burners, the hot water or steam pipes leading to the coil and the oil pipes leading to the burners, being closely assembled, the group of pipes bingpref erably enclosed within an insulatingcoven ifiiglto increase the efficiency of heating the (.ue

In the form of. the apparatus illustrated,

the coil which. heats the fuel is connected to coil or equivalent heating unit in the .vieinity of the burner and the water for heat ing; the fuel is connectedto the steam coil supplying water thereto to create steain'for the burners. Air to supportcombustion is drawn in through a suitable opening, the same being controlled by a damperin the vicinity of theburner which, in accordance with the preferred form of invention is controlled by the vacuum'created by oneof the intermittent burners, so N that the draught opening is always proportionateto the amount of fuel burned and may, therefore, be so regulated as to be just sufficient to support the combustion of thevarying quantity of fuel presented, the air supply varying as the amount of fuelpresented varies.

In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated an oil burner embodying the teaas the preferred form.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view illustiattil ing the entire system, certain features being distorted so as to show the different parts and the manner of connecting them,,tl1ough the'parts as illustrated are not all in their operative relation. y

1 Figure 2 is an elevation of thebiu'ner apparatus looking from the fron't,,ofln.e furmice, a fragment of the tank beii g also shown. H f

Figure 3 is a central, vertical section taken at right angles to Figure 2, vshowing}; the burner-and water pipes in elevation.

Figure t is an elevation looking at the burner frornthe front of the furnace.

Figure 5 is a vertical, central section taken at right angles to the plane of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is an enlarged vertical section.

through one of the burner plugs or nozzles showing fi'agineiitspf the burner casting in the vicinity.

Figure 7 is an elevation looking atthe burner from the right as seen in Figure 5.

of connecting the coil to the tank.

Figure 12.is an elevation of the thermostatic controlling apparatus.

' Figure 13 is a side View of the sameat right angles to Figure 12.

Referring to the drawings by numerals:

The apparatus, as shown, includes a burner, 1, having a pilot nozzle, 2, and an intermittent burner nozzle, 3, a steam coil, 4, in the flame from the pilot. nozzle 2, a water heating coil, 5, fuel heating coil, 6, thermostatic regulating device, 7 damper, 8, and an automatic damper regulator, 9.

Referring particularly to Figures 2 and 3, the burner proper with the steam and water heating coils and the water filter are mounted on a single plate, 10, which may, to advantage, be secured to the furnace door opening, the plate being in the form of the invention shown supported in the opening on an asbestos bond or frame, 11, which is fastened to the plate, 10, in any suitable manner by means of bolts, 12, and to the furnace walls by some conveniently removable fastening as hook bolts, 13.

In the present instance, the burner casting which may be of circular cross section is situated in a central opening, 15, in the plate. 10, the opening being as shown, surrounded by a boss. 16, the burner casting being scoured to the boss by a set screw, 17. The steam and water pipes are also passed through openings in the plate.

Water is led to the apparatus by a pipe, 18, connected to a suitable source of supply and controlled, if the pressure so requires, by a reducing valve, 19. A shut off or globe valve, 20, is also provided to control the Water supply. The pipe, 18, leads to a T, 21, the depending arm of the T, or more properly the pipe, 22, connected to the same leads to the water heating coil, 5, which, as shown, is in the form of a semi-circular arc concentric-with the burner and spaced a short distance inside the furnace.

The bottom of this coil is connected to a riser, 26, which leads upward from the fuel heating coil, 6, being connected to one end thereof, the other end of the coil, 6, is connect-ed to a drop pipe, 27, leading from the r, 21.

The water which is turned into steam for use in the burners as described is COI'lCl1 tioned by means of a filter, 29, connected to the pipe, 22. by means of .a T, 30, the bottom of the filter is connected by a horizontal pipe, 31, which extends through the plate, 10, by way of an opening, 32, with the steam coil, 4, the opposite end of which isconnected directly to the burner, 1. The flow of water from the filter tothe coil and the back flow of steam are controlled by an orifice, 34, or in any other suitable manner. Oil pipes, 36, and 37 lead upward from the oil tank, 38, in co-opcrative relation with fuel heating coil, 6, to be described. Beneath the burner and the steam coil and part of the hot water coil, I have shown a pan, 35, to receive priming fluid, as alcohol or gasoline for use in starting the burner.

Referring now to details of the oil burner casting, 1, illustrated particularly in Figures 4 to 8, this casting as shown, is circular in crossv section and of generally cylindrical form, with circumferential shoulder, 138, at one end, however, the external formation of the burner is not of importance except that it provides a pivot for the damper shutter to be described, which might be otherwise supported.

At the opposite end, the burner casting is provided with two burners, nozzles or burner openings, 40 and 41, for the pilot and intermittent burners respectively. These nozzles are similar. They may be pushed into'holes, 42, suitably formed in the end of the casting to receive them. Each nozzle has a discharge opening, 43. or fuel nozzle of frusto-conical formation, the diameter increasing toward the outer end. This dis charge opening which is a frusto-conical cavity, is flat at the inner or small end, forming a shoulder or offset, 44, surrounding the dis charge end of the steam nozzle, 45, which is also frusto-conical and of smaller diam.- eter having its small end opening into the center of the small end of the fuel nozzle opening. The fuel feed passage, 46, is at right angles to the axes of the frusto-conical portions which, as shown. are in alignment. It enters the small end of the frusto-conical portion which we have referred to as the fuel nozzle, at the side thereof.

Fuel is supplied to each of the burners by passages, 47, one for each nozzle extending in the direction of the. axis of the burner casting from the rear end thereof each to a point adjacent the side of the corresponding burner opening. Each passage, 47, 48, is connected, in any suitable manner as shown, to the fuel supply passage, 46, leading to the corresponding burner.

The fuel passages, 47, 48, are connected to cngagemcnt with a stationary nut, 62, which may be secured to the base, 58, as shown.

oil pipes, 36 and 37, as shown,,the oil being lifted by the vacuum created by the flow of steam through the nozzle, by the shoulder, 44, as hereinafter described.

Referring particularly to Figure at, it will c noted that the fuel supply which, as atoresaid, is raised, controlled and atomized by the steam jet is led/to the interi'nittent nozzle, l2, by 'afuel passage, l8, which is connected to the. outside of the burner casting by two pas and 52, this being in addition to the connection to the iuel pipe, 37. V The passage, 51, is connected to the damper control and the passage, 5E3, controlled by the thermostat in turn controllin the fuel sup ply to the intermittent nozzle by breaking at controlled intervals the vacuum which lifts the fuel thereto.

Referring now to Figures 12 and 13 and to the diagram, Figure l, the operation of" the burner may, toadvantage, be automatically controlled by the thern'iostatic apparatus, 7, illustrated in detail in these figures. This consists of a thern'iostatic coil, 55, to be placed in the apartment being heated, it being understood that the therm atic control described is ordinarily applied to the heating of dwellings, though the burner may be similarly controlled forother purposes. The central or inner end oitthe thermostatic coil, as shown, is secured to a sleeve, 56, rotatably mounted on a stud or bolt, 57, secured to the base plate, 58. As shown, the sleeve provided with a radially projecting arm, 59, to the end of which a thumb V screw, 60, is connected as'by a swive1, 61,

the thumb screw, 60, being mounted at right angles to the arm, and having a threaded The screw provides for adjustment of the thermostat in an obvious manner by turning the center of the coil in either direction. The other end of the thermostatic coil is secured to a swinging arm, 63, pivoted at 6-1, on the base plate, 58, in any suitable man ner, and carrying at its free or swinging end, 65, a valve member, 66, which cooperates with the open end of the vacuum pipe, (58, which is connected at its other end to the opening, 52, in the burner which leads to the fuel passage, 47, of the intermediate burner, as described.

it will be understood that as the tfuel is sucked up from the supply by the vacuum created in the passage, 4:6, by the jet from the steam nozzle, 45, so long as the burner is in operation, there must be a vacuum or subatmospheric pressure in the iiuel pipe, a7, and hence in the vacuum pipe, 68, and it is through this agency that the llllQI'HlOStEltcontrols the operation of the intermittent burner, and the thermostat being set to maintain a-given, normal temperature, lifts the valve,

"66, from its seat, 70, opening the pipe, 68,

i re,

drops below the normal for which the ther mostat set, the valve, 68, is returned to its seat by ,the action of the thermostatic coil, tending to swing the: arm, 63, to the right, as seen in Fig. 12. l I i ltwill be understood that the pilot, 40, burns continuously, keeping the coil, 4:, hot

and maintaining. the supply oi? steam to the nozzles, so that as soon as the valve, on,

returned to its seat, '70, the pipe, 58, being thus closed, the vacuum is again set up by the action of the steam et and almost immediately. a. supply oi? fuel is raised from the tank by the vacuum in the fuel supply passage, 428, so that the fuel being presented in the path of the steam jet is atomized, producing a jet of vapors mixed in, combustible proportions, which is iinn'icdiately ignited by the pilot. it being understood the ,.l-t1ll0l1 reterred to relates entirely to the intermittent burners, it being founddesirable to have the operation of the pilot burner constantlymaintained throughout the period (hiring which heat is desired' The tl'iermostatic apparatus, 7, also includes agauge which is conveniently placed in the apartment being warmed by the heating apparatus, which gauge serves to indicate the depth of the oil in the tank, so that it is not necessary to examine the. tanl; or to gov near it to determine the condition oitl'uel supply. The gauge, 72, referred to is a pressure gauge connected to the vacuum pipe, 68. This is shown in the vicinity of the thermo stat. The gauge is connected to the pi e, 68, by a T, 73,-and an upright, 74. It'will be apparent that when the intermittent burner is in operation, the sub-atmospheric pressure or vacuum in the pipe, 68, will be,

to a degree, proportionate to the distance of the top level oi? the oil in the tank below the burner. Therefore, the higher the vacuum, the lower the level. of the oil inthe tank, so that by properly graduating the gauge, the approximate condition of the oil supply as to the quantity thereoil may be indicated on the gauge. 75, in the vicinity of the gauge and the thermostat whereby the air may be let into the vacuum pipe, 68, at will, breaking the vacuum and cutting off the oil supply to the intermediate burner, extinguishing the same.

The air supply to the burner may, to ad vantage, be automatically regulated by the damper, 8, actuated by the'suction or vacuum which lifts the fuel, the damper being opened 1 have also shown a oet cock,

shown, is opened and closed by a Bourdon tribe, 9, the open end of which, 77, is connected directly to theopening, 51, in the burner, see Figure 4, which leads to the fuel passage, 48, which supplies the intermittent burner and the tube is supported by the burner casting, the other end of the Bourdon tube, 9, being connected to the rotary portion of the damper or shutter.

It is apparent that the variation of the pressure in the tube corresponds to the rate and periods of combustion at the intermittent burner and will produce corresponding movements of the damper.

The moving member of the damper, 8, which is in the form of a circular shutter, 82, is pivoted on the burner casting and is provided with an adjustable stop, 81, and there is a fixed stop, 79, on the plate, 10, to eo-operate therewith in open position of the shutter, and a second fixed stop, 80, on the shutter which contacts the fixed stop, 79, when the shutter is closed. The rotary mem ber, 82, isprovided with arcuate slots, 83, 8st, 85 to permit the swinging of the rotary member or shutter relatively to the pipes, 22, 26 leading to the coil, 5, and 31, leading to the coil, 4. The rotary shutter is provided with radial slots. 86, and the stationary plate,10, is provided with corresponding slots, 87. The slots are in registration when the damper is open, the stop, 81, being in contact with stop, 79. The adjustment of the stop, 81, provides for variation of the opening.

ll have referred in a general way to the heating of the oil in thetank locally in the immediate vicinity of the intake ends of the oil pipes, 36 and 37, which lead to the fuel passages, 47, in the burner.

The local heating of the oil referred to is accon'lplished by means of coil, 6, which. is termed the fuel or oil heating coil and which surrounds the intake ends of the oil pipes, 36 and 37. The respective ends of this coil, 6, are connected to pipes, 26 and 27, the pipe, 26, leading to the water heating coil, 5, and pipe, 27, being connected to the T, 21, see Figure 2, which, in turn, is connected to the upper end of the coil, 5, by the pipe, 22, and to the water supply by the pipe, 18. The connections thus outlined provide for thermosiphonic circulation of the water upward through the coil, 5, and the pipe, 22, and downward through the pipe, 27, and the coil, 6, and upward from the coil. 6, through. the pipe, 26, to water heating coil, 5.

To increase the heating effect of the coil, the oil pipes, 36 and 37 are assembled in close relation with water pipes. 26 and 27, leading to and from the oil heating coil, 6, see Figure 10, and the pipes thus assembled are covered externally of the group of pipes with heat insulating material, 90, and these pipes, with the insulation, are enclosed within a length of larger pipe, 91, which is closed at the lower end by a pipe cap, 92, suitably bored to admit the pipes or tubes 26, 27, 36 and '37. The upper end of the pipe, 91, is equipped with a bushing, 93. which, as shown, is externally threaded andv provided at its upper end with a hexagonal portion, 94, to be conveniently engaged by means of a wrench. As shown, the bushing is tapered as to the threaded portion, 95, and adapted to engage a threaded opening, 96, in a flange or plate, 97, secured to the tank, covering and surrounding an opening, 98, in the top wall of the tank.

Figure 9 illustrating this feature is broken away for convenience of illustration to reduce the length of the pipe, 91, and the parts enclosed therein. The coil, 6, and the bottom ends of the pipes 36 and 37 are placed near or at the bottom of the tank to enable the oil pipes to withdraw substantially all the oil in the tank, and the pipe,

'91, with the enclosed parts extends upward from this point to the top of the tank, being, therefore, of a length proportionate to the depth of the tank so that the hot water pipes, 26 and 27, are in contact with the oil pipes 36 and 87 throughout a considerable portion of their length noticeably increasing the efiiciency of the transfer of heat from the water to the oil about to be burned.

It will be noted from examination of Figure 9 that the fuel heating apparatus, as thus assembled, with its connections and the oil pipes enclosed within the pipe. 91, forms a single integral heating unit, which, with suitable fittings, may be connected disconnected, and removed for inspection or repair and replaced without difficulty.

The oil pipes, 36 and 37 are preferably provided with strainers. 99 and 100, which are shown adjacent the burner asting. These strainers may be of any preferred type in accordance with the present practice in straining oils and gasoline.

In the operation of the burner, the pan, 35, is charged with any suitable priming fluid, as gasoline or denatured alcohol. This is lighted and the water turned on, steam is formed in the steam coil or tube. 1-, the back flow being checked by the orifice, 34; a steam jet is forn'iod at both nozzles and the steam draws oil from the tank. The oil is fed through the passages, 47 and 4-8, and the vacuum passages 46, to the nozzles forming jets of inflammable mixed vapors, i. e. steam and atomized oil. These jets are lighted by the flame from the pan almost as soon they are formed, increasing the heat available for the steam coil and hence increasing the jet and suction which feeds the fuel and hence increasing size and heat generating power of the flame. If, as assumed, the cook, 75, is closed and the thermostat, operatively connected, the intermittent burner til) will go into operation simultaneously with the pilot burner, y

Under any circun'istances, if the thermostat is in operation, "the intermittent burner will be thrown into and out of operation by the opening); and closing of the pipe, 68, by means of the valve, 65, making and breaking the vacuum in said pipe, the conditions as to sub-atmospheric pressure in said pipebeing transmitted to fuel passage, e7, or vice versa, with the result that the fuel supply to the intermittent burner is variechin accordance with the heating requirements as indicated by the thermostat.

As aforesaid, thetl'iermostat may be regulated as to normal temperature by means of the screw, (50, and the fuel. conditions as to the extent of the supply in the tank are indicated by the gauge, 72.

The manner of the circulation of the water through the water heating coil, 5, adjacent to the burner and from this coil to and fromthe fuel heating coil, has been ful'ly discussed above. The water is led from the drop pipe tube, 22, to the filter, Q9, and hence to the steam coil, 4, by way of the orifice, 34, which regulates the supply of water to the steam coil and prevents back flow of steam therefrom. Thesteam as generated in the team coil by the heat of the pilot or both burners serves to build up jets in both burners, suiii cien'tly to lift the fuel from the tank to the mittent burner during regulation bythe thermostat. This arrangement makes regulation in this way conveniently possible and under allcircumstauces even in the absence of regulation results in greatly increased safety of operation and eliminates all chance of explosion. It is of course apparent that an equivalent intermittent feed may be obtained provided any point in the feed pipe be above the level. of the liquid in the tank even though the burner thus fed be below such level, the main point to be emphasizedin the feed being that the fuel must be raised. by the suction at least in starting so that breaking the vacuum at the proper point stops it. Y

'An important feature of the invention r esides in the arrangement whereby forced draught and automatic operation are provided without outside power, no electricity, steam pressure or high pressure water supply being necessary, the burner apparatus being entirely complete in itself, generating its own steam for. the burner jets and for raisingthe fuel and vacuum regulation; Al

involved in the operation other than providing fuel and Water and starting andstopping it at the beginning and end of the periods during which heat is desired.

It is also important that I have not only utilized the vacuum of the burners to feed the fuel thereto, but have utilized this vacuum to control the air draught thereto in the manner described and-have further used it as a means for applying thermostatic regu lation to the burner. I

would have it understood that for the pur-' pose of the invention any compressible. fluid maybe used for .atomizing, the term" steam being conveniently employed in this connection to distinguishfrom the fluid fuel and being intended to include-any atomizing fluid which may housed in this way. The atomizing medium should preferably be under pressure obtained by heating it or in any other convenient manner. i i

I have thus. described specifically and in detail an oilburnerembodying my invention in the preferred form, the specific and detailed description beingsupplied that the nature and operation of the same maybe clearly understood. However, the specific terms herein are used descriptively rather than .in a limited sense, the scope of the invention being defined in the claims.

VVhatl claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1.111 a liquid fuel burner a combined steam and fuel nozzle, means for supplying steam under pressure to the nozzle, a fuel passage leading to the nozzle, the steam jet tending to maintain a vacuum in said pas sage, means for maintaining a fuel supply' with connections from said fuel supply to. said passagewherebythe fuel is fed to the fuel nozzle, means enclosing said burner nozzle, means for controllingv the I airdraught, lncluding an air passage and a moving shutter controlling the same, means for actuating said shutter comprising a Bourdon tube connected to the moving shutter member, and apassage connecting the Bou'rdon tube tothe' steam passage whereby a corresponding vacuum is set up in the Bourdon tube.

2. A liquidfuel burner comprising a steam nozzle and a fuel nozzle, means heated by the burner for supplying steam under pressure to the steam nozzle, the steam nozzle having a discharge opening adjacent the fuel nozzle, whereby it projects a steam jet into the fuel nozzle, a fuel passage leading to the fuel nozzle whereby the steam jet tends to'maintain avacuum inthe fuel passage, a fuel container below the level of the burner, means for leading fuel from the container to the fuel passage, a coil in the vicinity of the burner heated thereby, a coil in the fuel container immediately surrounding the end of the fuel pipe, the remainder of the tank space being unheated, so that the heating of the fuel is confined to the immediate vicinity of the end of the fuel pipe, and means connecting saidcoils providing for circulation of liquid from one to the other and a connectionfrom said coilsto the steam supplying means.

3'. A liquid burner comprising a steam nozzle and a fuel nozzle, means heated by the burner for supplying steam under pressure to the steam nozzle, the steam nozzle having a discharge opening in the rear of the fuel nozzle whereby it projects a steam jet into the fuel nozzle, a fuel passage leading to the fuel nozzle at the side of the steam jet whereby the latter tends to maintain a vacuum in the fuel passage, afuel container below the level of the burner, means for leading fuel from the container to the fuel passage, a coil in the vicinity of the burner and heated thereby, a coil in the fuel container surrounding the end of the fuel pipe, means for .connecting said coils providing for circulation of liquid from one to the other, an air passage leading to the fuel supply passageof the burner, a thermostat, and means actuated thereby to open and close said air pipe, making and breaking the vacuum in the said fuel'passage and a connection from said coil to the steam supplying means.

4. A liquid burner comprising a steam nozzle and a fuel nozzle, means heated by the burner for supplying steam under pressure to the steam nozzle, the steam nozzle having a discharge opening in the rear of the fuel nozzle whereby it projects a steam jet into the fuel nozzle, a fuel passage leading tothefuel nozzle at the side of the steam et whereby the latter tends to maintain a vacuum in the fuel passage, a fuel container below the level of the burner, means for leading fuel from the container to the fuel passage, a coil in the vicinity of the burner and heated thereby, a coil in the fuel container surrounding the end of the fuel pipe, means for connecting said coils providing for circulation of liquid from one to the said movable member to operate the same,

and a pipe connecting said Bourdon tube to the vacuum of the fuel supply and a connection from said coils to the steam supplying means In a liquid burner, a burner member in cluding a burner consisting of a steam nozzle, fuel nozzle in front of said steam nozzle, the steam nozzle having a discharge opening entering the rear of said fuel nozzle, an offsetadjacent said discharge opening, a fuel passage entering said fuel nozzle, be yond said offset, a fuel supply passage leading to said fuel passage and a steam passage adjacent said fuel passage and connected to said steam nozzle, moans heated by the burner for supplying steam to said steam passage, means for maintaining a supply of liquid fuel below the level ofthe burner, means connecting said burner supply passage thereto, an air pipe connected to said fuel supply passage, a thermostat, means controlled thereby opening and closing said air pipe, a pilot burner, and means for supplying fuel thereto.

6. In a liquid burner, a burner member including a burner consisting of a steam nozzle, a fuel nozzle in front of said steam nozzle, the steam nozzle having a discharge opening entering the rear of said fuel nozzle, a shoulder beyond said discharge opening, a fuel passage entering said fuel nozzle, be-

yond said shoulder whereby the steam flow creates a vacuum therein, a fuel supply passage leadmg to said fuel passage and a steam passage adjacent said fuel supply and connected to said steam nozzle, means heated by the burner for supplying steam to said steam passage, means for maintaining a supply of liquid fuel below the level of the burner, means connecting said fuel-supply passage thereto, an air pipe connected to the feeding side of the burner nozzle, a thermostat, means controlled thereby, opening and closing said air pipe, a container in the vicinity of the burner for heating liquid, a container in the fuel supply adjacent the fuel passage, and means connecting the said containers providing for circulation of liquid from one to the other, a connection from said steam passage to said containers.

'Yfln a liquid fuel burner member a burner comprising a frusto-conical steam nozzle and a frusto-conieal fuel nozzle, the small ends of the two frusti being connected, the small end of the fuel nozzle being larger than the corresponding end of the steamnozzle, providing ashoulder surrounding the latter, va fuel passage leading to said small end of the fuel nozzle, a fuel supply passage leading to said fuel passage, a steam space connected to said steam nozzle, a pilot burner similarly constructed, and a fuel supply lead ingto said pilot burner, said steam space surrounding part of said fuel passage, means heated by the pilot for supplying steam to said steam space, means for maintaining a fuel supply below said burner, pipes leading to said fuel supply passages, an air pipe leading to the til-st mentioned fuel supply passage, and thermostatic valve controlling said air pipe.

8. A liquiu fuel burning apparatus including a burner having a fuel nozzle, a fuel sni'ipply and a passage from the fuel supply to i said nozzle, a supply of fluid under pressure and means 'or leading same to said burner and (liscliial'ging same in the vicinity of 'lhe "fuel. nozzle, creating a vacuum to feed the 'ij'ucl, a movable draft member contiollingythe burner, and a Bouidon tube connected to the fluid passage, setting up a corresponding vacuum in the Boui'don tube and controlling said draft member.

9. A liquid fuel burning apparatus includ ing a main burner having a fuel nozzle, a steam passage leading to the fuel nozzle, a pilot burner, a steam generating member heated by the pilot burner, a fuel supply connected to the fuel nozzle, the steam 01'6- ating a vacuum leading the fuel to the burner, a movable draft member, a pressure actuated member connected to the feeding side of the burner and controlling t lrat't membet, a valve controlling theivacuum, and a thermostatic member actuating the same, and means for supplying fuel to the pilot burner.

Signed by me at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, this 21st day of'June, 1923.

. HENRY H. WILLIAMS. 

